During a mean follow-up of 16.6 years, 31.7% of participants developed CKD.

Here, we examined whether pro-ENK levels predict CKD and decline of renal function in a prospective cohort of 2568 participants without CKD (eGFR>60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2) at baseline. High levels of proenkephalin-A (pro-ENK) have been associated with decreased eGFR in an acute setting. Additionally, the Mendelian randomization analysis suggests a causal relationship between pro-ENK level and deterioration of kidney function over time. In conclusion, circulating plasma pro-ENK level predicts incident CKD and may aid in identifying subjects in need of primary preventive regimens. Furthermore, the T-allele associated with a 19% increased risk of CKD per allele (P=0.03) and a significant decrease in the instrumental variable estimator for eGFR (P<0.01) in a Mendelian randomization analysis. Participants with baseline pro-ENK levels in the highest tertile had significantly greater yearly mean decline of eGFR (Ptrendtrend=0.01) and creatinine (Ptrend-21). Here, we examined whether pro-ENK levels predict CKD and decline of renal function in a prospective cohort of 2568 participants without CKD (eGFR>60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) at baseline.

Keyword researcher pro 10.87